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As of 2012, about 116,000 Jewish Americans live in Metro Detroit. In 2001, about 96,000 Jewish Americans lived in Metro Detroit. That year, 75% of them lived in Oakland County. Many are in walking distances to their synagogues.〔Woodford, p. (188 ).〕 In 2006 the Jews living in Windsor, Ontario, lived closer to Downtown Detroit than the Jewish communities within Metro Detroit.〔Stiefel, p. (8 ).〕 The Jewish community includes Ashkenazi, Hasidic, and Sephardic origin Jews who follow those traditions. The religious movements represented include common versions of Conservative, Orthodox, Reform Judaism.〔 The nearby cities of Ann Arbor, Flint, and Ypsilanti have their own Jewish communities. Barry Stiefel, author of ''The Jewish Community of Metro Detroit 1945-2005'', classifies these cities as being part of the "Greater Metro Detroit" region.〔 ==History== The first recorded Jew in Detroit was Chapman Abraham, a fur trader from Montreal. In 1762, in order to trade he traveled south along the Detroit River. He was recorded that year. Until his 1783 death he had a residence in Detroit.〔Cohen, p. (7 ).〕 In the 1920s and early 1930s, during the Prohibition Era, the Jewish Purple Gang operated alcohol smuggling and committed acts of violence in Detroit. By the early 1930s the gang had been weakened and organized crime groups from the East Coast wrested control of the territory from the Purple Gang.〔Gribben, Mark. "(Bootlegger's Paradise )." ((Archive )) ''The Purple Gang''. Crime Library. Retrieved on December 14, 2013.〕 In the 1930s several Jews leaving Germany under Adolf Hitler arrived in Detroit. In the 1940s the 12th Street/Linwood/Dexter area housed the Jewish community in Detroit. The community at one point moved to the Livernois-Seven Mile area. It later relocated to the Oakland County municipalities of Oak Park, Southfield, and West Bloomfield.〔 The post-World War II Jewish community began to suburbanize. Barry Stiefel, author of ''The Jewish Community of Metro Detroit 1945-2005'', wrote that "The move from Detroit to the suburbs north of Eight Mile Road was not a Jewish event, but one of socioeconomic class and race." 〔 In 1963 Rabbi Sherwin Wine, located in Metro Detroit, founded the Humanistic Judaism movement there.〔 Stiefel wrote that by the 1970s the exodus of Jews from the City of Detroit to the suburbs had increased from a "trickle" to a "deluge."〔 In the 1980s the Metro Detroit Jewish community lived in several municipalities.〔Steifel, p. (7 ).〕 Barry Steifel, author of ''The Jewish Community of Metro Detroit 1945-2005'', wrote that in the 1980s "the new, collective foci of the Jewish community" were several municipalities in Oakland County and western Wayne County which housed "massive congregations".〔Steifel, p. (7 )-(8 ).〕 Stiefel wrote that it was by then "nonexistent" in the City of Detroit.〔 Suburban municipalities defined by Stiefel as foci included Bloomfield Hills, Farmington Hills, Oak Park, Royal Oak, Southfield, and West Bloomfield.〔 Smaller congregations of Jewish people existed in other municipalities such as Livonia and Trenton.〔 In the 1980s many Russian Jews arrived in Metro Detroit because of the Soviet Union's 1988 relaxation of travel restrictions and the processes of its dissolution. Oak Park received most of these Russian Jews.〔 The Metro Detroit Jewish community helped thousands of these Soviet Jews travel to Michigan.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of the Jews in Metro Detroit」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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